初一英语(人教版)上册重点语法总结
名词:所有事物的名称
1.名词的种类:
专有名词:首字母大写(山脉,河流,国家等)China
普通名词:首字母不大写(普通的事物的名称)desk ,pen
2.名词的数:
可数名词:可以数的名词(有单复数)ruler,pen,pencil
不可数名词:不可以数的名词(没有单复数)bread,meat,water,
可数名词变化规则
1.一般加s,例如:pen---pens
2.以s,sh,ch,x结尾加es,例如:bus—buses,brush—brushes,watch—watches,box—boxes
3,以辅音字母加y结尾,去掉y为I 加es 例如:baby---babies
4.以f,fe 结尾,去掉f,fe 加ves life---lives, leaf---leaves
5.以有生命的o 结尾加es 例如:hero---heroes,tomato---tomatoes,potato---potatoes,mango---mangoes
6.复合名词遇见man,woman两个词时,两个名词都要加复数
A man teacher---two men teachers
不规则的变化
Is,am----are, his,her,its----their,does---do,has---have,his,hers,its---theirs,
Isn’t ---aren’t , I ---we, you---you,me---us,he,she,it---they,him,her,it---them,
Your---your,yours---yours,my---our,mine---ours,that---those,this---these,fish—fish,sheep---sheep,deer---deer,Chinese---Chinese, Japanese---Japanese,man---men,woman—women,tooth---teeth,foot---feet,mouse---mice
单数句变成复数句
This is my book--- These are our books
不可数名词的量化
A cup of 一杯,a glass of ,一玻璃杯,a tin of 一听,a can of 一罐,
A box of 一盒子,a bag of 一包,a bar of一条,a piece of 一片
例如:I have a cup of water 我有一杯水 I have two cups of water 我有两杯水
I have a box of apples 我有一箱苹果,I have two boxes of apples 我有两箱苹果
名词所有格:
人:名词+‘s 或者 名词s +’例如:Tom’s bag, Teachers’ desks
物:名词+of +名词 例如:a bag of my school
双重所有格:s’+of a friend of my father’s
Lily and Lucy’s room 丽丽和露西的房间(共有的)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms 丽丽和露西的房间(各自有的)
介词和时间的搭配:
at<on<in
at 点时间, at 7:00 在七点
on 具体日期 on Monday 在星期一
in 年,季节,世纪 in 1998, in July, in this century
介词和地点的搭配
At 具体的地点: at the airport 在机场,at the doctor’s 在医院
On 在平面上,on the farm 在农场上
In 在......里面, in the park 在公园里,in Guiyang,在贵阳
There be 句型:某地有某物,(就近原则)
There is a pen and two pencils =There are two pencils and a pen
Ask ......about 询问关于
I ask you about my school我询问你关于我的学校
Ask......for 向.......要......
I ask you for some books 我向你要一些书
Thanks for sth 谢谢某物 Thanks for your book 谢谢你的书
Thanks for doing sth 谢谢做某事,Thanks for giving me a book 谢谢你给我一本书
句型转换
肯定句----否定句
有be,be后加not,有情(can),情后加not,没be 和情时,don’t ,doesn’t 来充数,位置放在动词前,动词还原要牢记,doesn’t 跟着他,她,它。
He is happy ---He is not happy
He can run---He can’t run
He likes apples ---He doesn’t like apples
I like bananas ---I don’t like bananas
肯定句---一般疑问句
有be,be 句首,有情(can),情句首,没be 和情时,Do,Does 放句首,动词还原要牢记,Does 跟着他,她,它
He is happy---Is he happy?
He can run ---Can he run ?
He likes apples ----Does he like apples ?
I like bananas ---Do you like bananas ?
Be动词的搭配,am 跟我,are 跟你,单数is ,复数are ,is 跟着他,她,它
I am ,you are ,he is ,she is ,it is ,we are ,they are ,Tom is , Boys are
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